{ "status": "research-in-progress", "reviewedOn": "2026-10-16", "sourceIndexSha256": "5fa950699cb11ee0a984033b1eb5954e2bb33bbd04fb1b49a9e97ee7bdca3ce7", "sources": [ { "title": "Introduction to Roman Britain · conquête, provinces et limites", "author": "English Heritage", "url": "https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/story-of-england/romans/introduction/", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Timeline of Roman Britain · Iceni, Trinovantes et villes", "author": "British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/learn/schools/ages-7-11/ancient-rome/timeline-roman-britain", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Tombe de Classicianus · révolte de 60–61", "author": "British Museum · objet 1852,0806.2", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1852-0806-2", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Iron Age Kings and their Roman Connections · chronologies et réserves", "author": "David McOmish · English Heritage", "url": "https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/lexden-earthworks-and-bluebottle-grove/History/iron-age-kings/", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Lexden Earthworks · les attributions funéraires restent discutées", "author": "English Heritage", "url": "https://production.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/lexden-earthworks-and-bluebottle-grove/History/", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Aldborough · Cartimandua, Venutius et les Brigantes", "author": "English Heritage", "url": "https://production.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/aldborough-roman-site/history/", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Cartimandua · règne, alliances et résistance de Caratacus", "author": "English Heritage", "url": "https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/link/5e7e19f127354329950dfb5ba2723c72.aspx", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Roman Wales · Isca et les réseaux de forts", "author": "Cadw · Welsh Government", "url": "https://cadw.gov.wales/learn/sites-through-centuries/roman-wales", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Legionary Fortress Eboracum · établissement en 71–74", "author": "City of York Historic Environment Record · MYO2015", "url": "https://her.york.gov.uk/Monument/MYO2015", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "History of Chester Castle · Deva et les phases médiévales", "author": "English Heritage", "url": "https://production.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/chester-castle-agricola-tower-and-castle-walls/history/", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Early Medieval Power and Politics · formations de pouvoirs", "author": "English Heritage", "url": "https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/story-of-england/early-medieval/power-and-politics/", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Introduction to Early Medieval England · groupes et transformations", "author": "English Heritage", "url": "https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/story-of-england/early-medieval/introduction/", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Anglo-Saxon Kent · royautés multiples et intégration après 825", "author": "Kent County Council · Historic Environment Record", "url": "https://heritage.kent.gov.uk/Theme/Tke1070", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Alfred · règne de 871–899 et Edington en 878", "author": "Royal Household", "url": "https://www.royal.uk/alfred-great-r-871-899", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Cotton Ch VIII 27 · Æthelred et Æthelflæd, charte de 901", "author": "British Library · Anglo-Saxon Charters", "url": "https://searcharchives.bl.uk/catalog/040-003345862", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Tamworth Extensive Urban Survey · transfert du pouvoir en 918", "author": "Staffordshire County Council · rapport de recherche, extrait indexé", "url": "https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/environment/Environment-and-countryside/HistoricEnvironment/Documents/Tamworth-EUS-Report-Final.pdf", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Bury St Edmunds · Edmund et la conquête de 869", "author": "English Heritage", "url": "https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/bury", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Lindisfarne · Bernicie, Deira et royauté de Northumbrie", "author": "English Heritage · dossier pédagogique, extrait indexé", "url": "https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/siteassets/home/visit/places-to-visit/lindisfarne-priory/school-visits/Lindisfarne_Teachers_Kit.pdf", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Legal culture in the Danelaw: a study of III Æthelred", "author": "Jake A. 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[ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Æthelstan · accession et campagne de 927–928", "author": "Royal Household", "url": "https://www.royal.uk/athelstan-r924-939", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Picardy Symbol Stone · symboles pictes et incertitudes", "author": "Historic Environment Scotland", "url": "https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit/all/picardy-symbol-stone/history-and-stories/", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "The development of the Pictish symbol system: inscribing identity beyond the edges of Empire", "author": "Gordon Noble, Martin Goldberg et Derek Hamilton · Antiquity 92(365), 1329–1348, 2018 · CC BY 4.0", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2018.68", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Pictish symbol system · notice de la publication de 2018", "author": "University of Glasgow · dépôt de la publication", "url": "https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/171818/", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Wemyss Caves SM817 · transformations pictes et Alba", "author": "Historic Environment Scotland · notice archéologique", "url": "https://portal.historicenvironment.scot/apex/f?p=1505%3A300%3A%3A%3A%3A%3AVIEWTYPE%2CVIEWREF%3Adesignation%2CSM817", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Dunadd · centre royal de Dál Riata vers 500–800", "author": "Historic Environment Scotland", "url": "https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit/all/kilmartin-glen-dunadd-fort/history-and-stories/", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Dumbarton · fort, royaume brittonique et siège de 870", "author": "Historic Environment Scotland", "url": "https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit/all/dumbarton-castle/history-and-stories/", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Dumbarton Castle SM90107 · Alcluith et Strathclyde", "author": "Historic Environment Scotland · notice archéologique", "url": "https://portal.historicenvironment.scot/apex/f?p=1505%3A300%3A%3A%3A%3A%3AVIEWTYPE%2CVIEWREF%3Adesignation%2CSM90107", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Medieval Wales · pouvoirs, reconnaissance de 1267 et conquête", "author": "Cadw · Welsh Government", "url": "https://cadw.gov.wales/learn/sites-through-centuries/medieval-wales", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Castles of the Princes of Wales · Powys, Gwynedd et Deheubarth", "author": "Cadw · Welsh Government", "url": "https://cadw.gov.wales/visit/best-history/castles-princes-wales", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Interpretation Plans · cadre dynastique du Deheubarth vers 930–1287", "author": "Cadw · Welsh Government", "url": "https://cadw.gov.wales/about-us/projects-research/pan-wales-interpretation-plan/interpretation-plans", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Princes of Gwynedd · généalogie, décès de Dafydd en 1283", "author": "Cadw · plan de 2010, section 2.14, extrait indexé", "url": "https://cadw.gov.wales/sites/default/files/2019-04/InterpplanPrincesGwynedd_EN_0.pdf", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Hill of Tara · lieu royal et cérémoniel", "author": "Office of Public Works · Heritage Ireland", "url": "https://heritageireland.ie/visit/places-to-visit/hill-of-tara/", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Hill of Tara · pouvoirs régionaux et soumission de 1002", "author": "Office of Public Works · Heritage Ireland, magazine no 4, extrait indexé", "url": "https://heritageireland.ie/assets/uploads/2016/06/Heritage-Ireland-Ezine-Issue-4.pdf", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Rock of Cashel · siège royal et transfert ecclésiastique de 1101", "author": "Office of Public Works · Heritage Ireland", "url": "https://heritageireland.ie/places-to-visit/the-rock-of-cashel/", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Rock of Cashel · royauté locale en 978, distincte de la haute royauté", "author": "Office of Public Works · brochure, page PDF 3", "url": "https://heritageireland.ie/assets/uploads/2023/11/6560-OPW-A5-Site-Leaflet_Rock-of-cashel_LR_Digital-1.pdf", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Rathcroghan · archéologie, mythologie et lieux royaux", "author": "Office of Public Works · Heritage Ireland", "url": "https://heritageireland.ie/places-to-visit/rathcroghan-visitor-centre/", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Early Medieval · Turlough O’Conor et la croix de Cong", "author": "National Museum of Ireland", "url": "https://source.museum.ie/en-ie/collections-research/irish-antiquities-division-collections/collections-list-%281%29/early-medieval", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Ferns Castle · base politique de Diarmait Mac Murchada", "author": "Office of Public Works · Heritage Ireland", "url": "https://heritageireland.ie/visit/places-to-visit/ferns-castle/", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "The Normans · gouvernements et succession de 1154", "author": "Royal Household", "url": "https://www.royal.uk/normans?page=1", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Battle Abbey · bataille du 14 octobre 1066", "author": "English Heritage", "url": "https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/1066-battle-of-hastings-abbey-and-battlefield/history-and-stories/history/", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Henry II · couronne anglaise et possessions continentales", "author": "Royal Household", "url": "https://www.royal.uk/henry-ii", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Articles of Union · union politique du 1er mai 1707", "author": "UK Parliament", "url": "https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/act-of-union-1707/overview/the-articles-constitution-and-trade/", "supports": [ "chronology", "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Cliopatria v0.2.1 · catégories, intervalles et contours sources", "author": "Seshat Global History Databank", "url": "https://github.com/Seshat-Global-History-Databank/cliopatria/tree/v0.2.1", "supports": [ "geographic-context" ] }, { "title": "Historical Basemaps · noms et attributions sources", "author": "André Ourednik et contributeurs", "url": "https://github.com/aourednik/historical-basemaps", "supports": [ "geographic-context" ] } ], "sourceCriticism": [ { "sources": [ "https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/lexden-earthworks-and-bluebottle-grove/History/iron-age-kings/", "https://production.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/lexden-earthworks-and-bluebottle-grove/History/" ], "note": "Vers 9 et vers 10 pour Cunobelin gardent leur précision approximative ; le mobilier funéraire de Lexden exclut l’attribution certaine à Cunobelin." }, { "sources": [ "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1852-0806-2", "https://www.britishmuseum.org/learn/schools/ages-7-11/ancient-rome/timeline-roman-britain" ], "note": "60–61 reste une fourchette de révolte ; ni date de fondation ni extinction des Icènes ou Trinovantes." }, { "sources": [ "https://heritage.kent.gov.uk/Theme/Tke1070", "https://github.com/Seshat-Global-History-Databank/cliopatria/tree/v0.2.1" ], "note": "Le Kent ne disparaît pas en 762 parce que le nom source s’arrête. L’intégration après 825 conserve des titres locaux pendant un temps." }, { "sources": [ "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263675121000065", "https://www.royal.uk/alfred-great-r-871-899" ], "note": "Le récit royal simplifie le traité en 886 ; la recherche retient 886–890. Le Danelaw juridique persiste après l’unification politique et après la borne cartographique de 959." }, { "sources": [ "https://learning.yorkarchaeology.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JORVIK-Fact-Sheet-Jorvik-a-Viking-City.pdf", "https://www.yorkshiremuseum.org.uk/news-media/latest-news/the-vale-of-york-viking-hoard-returns-to-york/" ], "note": "York Archaeological Trust retient la prise de York en 866 ; la présentation du trésor évoque une conquête de Northumbrie en 869. Centre urbain et région ne sont pas fusionnés en un seul événement. La reprise de 927–939 interrompt les royautés scandinaves." }, { "sources": [ "https://www.royal.uk/athelstan-r924-939" ], "note": "La page royale porte 924–939 en titre et 925–939 dans son texte ; 927–928 concerne York. Accession, couronnement et unification ne sont pas une même date." }, { "sources": [ "https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit/all/picardy-symbol-stone/history-and-stories/", "https://portal.historicenvironment.scot/apex/f?p=1505%3A300%3A%3A%3A%3A%3AVIEWTYPE%2CVIEWREF%3Adesignation%2CSM817" ], "note": "L’arrêt de création de symboles et les changements de langue ou de pouvoir ne prouvent pas une extinction ethnique en 843." }, { "sources": [ "https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit/all/kilmartin-glen-dunadd-fort/history-and-stories/", "https://github.com/Seshat-Global-History-Databank/cliopatria/tree/v0.2.1" ], "note": "La fonction royale de Dunadd vers 500–800 ne définit pas automatiquement la durée de Dál Riata. La série source va de 540 à 899." }, { "sources": [ "https://heritageireland.ie/places-to-visit/the-rock-of-cashel/", "https://heritageireland.ie/assets/uploads/2023/11/6560-OPW-A5-Site-Leaflet_Rock-of-cashel_LR_Digital-1.pdf", "https://heritageireland.ie/assets/uploads/2016/06/Heritage-Ireland-Ezine-Issue-4.pdf" ], "note": "La page touristique présente Brian Boru comme haut roi à Cashel en 978. La brochure distingue la royauté locale de 978 ; le dossier de Tara situe la soumission à Brian en 1002. La haute royauté en 978 n’est pas adoptée." }, { "sources": [ "https://heritageireland.ie/places-to-visit/rathcroghan-visitor-centre/" ], "note": "La présentation de Medb est un récit mythologique ; aucun règne historiquement daté ni frontière annuelle n’en est déduit." }, { "sources": [ "https://cadw.gov.wales/learn/sites-through-centuries/medieval-wales", "https://cadw.gov.wales/sites/default/files/2019-04/InterpplanPrincesGwynedd_EN_0.pdf" ], "note": "La fin du pouvoir princier distingue 1282, 1283 et le statut de 1284. Le récit scolaire qui fait de 1284 la première investiture d’un prince anglais de Galles n’est pas employé pour dater celle de 1301." }, { "sources": [ "https://www.royal.uk/normans?page=1", "https://www.royal.uk/henry-ii", "https://github.com/Seshat-Global-History-Databank/cliopatria/tree/v0.2.1" ], "note": "La succession de 1154 est distincte du contour Norman England jusqu’en 1168. Le passage à la royauté anglaise d’Henri II ne fonde pas simultanément chaque possession angevine." }, { "sources": [ "https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/members-area/kids/saxons-vikings/vikings-in-england/", "https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/story-of-england/early-medieval/introduction/" ], "note": "La page pour enfants qualifie Æthelflæd de belle-fille d’Alfred ; l’introduction adulte la situe correctement comme sœur d’Édouard. La relation de belle-fille n’est pas reprise." }, { "sources": [ "https://production.english-heritage.org.uk/siteassets/home/visit/places-to-visit/conisbrough-castle/school-visits/conisbrough-teachers-kit.pdf" ], "note": "La simplification qui présente sept royaumes fixes et nomme des Pictes pour le contexte de construction du mur d’Hadrien n’est pas adoptée comme démonstration historique." }, { "sources": [ "https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2018.68", "https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/171818/", "https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit/all/picardy-symbol-stone/history-and-stories/" ], "note": "Le modèle radiocarbone et bayésien publié par Noble, Goldberg et Hamilton en 2018 situe les débuts probables de la tradition symbolique aux IIIe–IVe siècles. La datation patrimoniale autour de 600 ne devient pas l’origine générale des symboles ou une naissance des Pictes. Les types de supports et les incertitudes restent distincts." }, { "sources": [ "https://cadw.gov.wales/visit/best-history/wales-history-map", "https://cadw.gov.wales/sites/default/files/2019-04/InterpplanPrincesGwynedd_EN_0.pdf" ], "note": "La carte de présentation Cadw mentionne une chute de Dafydd en 1282 ; la généalogie donne son décès en 1283. Cette mention n’est pas utilisée pour remplacer le décès de Llywelyn en 1282 ou fusionner les deux princes." } ], "accessLimits": [ { "source": "https://heritageireland.ie/assets/uploads/2023/11/6560-OPW-A5-Site-Leaflet_Rock-of-cashel_LR_Digital-1.pdf", "access": "pdf-text-excerpt", "pagesZeroBased": [ 2 ], "fullDocumentRead": false }, { "source": "https://learning.yorkarchaeology.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JORVIK-Fact-Sheet-Jorvik-a-Viking-City.pdf", "access": "pdf-text-excerpt", "fullDocumentRead": false }, { "source": "https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/environment/Environment-and-countryside/HistoricEnvironment/Documents/Tamworth-EUS-Report-Final.pdf", "access": "indexed-excerpt-only", "fullDocumentRead": false }, { "source": "https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/siteassets/home/visit/places-to-visit/lindisfarne-priory/school-visits/Lindisfarne_Teachers_Kit.pdf", "access": "indexed-excerpt-only", "fullDocumentRead": false }, { "source": "https://cadw.gov.wales/sites/default/files/2019-04/InterpplanPrincesGwynedd_EN_0.pdf", "access": "indexed-excerpt-only", "fullDocumentRead": false }, { "source": "https://heritageireland.ie/assets/uploads/2016/06/Heritage-Ireland-Ezine-Issue-4.pdf", "access": "indexed-excerpt-only", "fullDocumentRead": false }, { "source": "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263675121000065", "access": "published-html-and-repository-abstract", "fullArticleRead": false }, { "source": "https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2018.68", "access": "published-html-abstract-and-chronology-sections", "fullArticleRead": false } ], "limitations": [ "Les sources patrimoniales peuvent contenir des simplifications ou contradictions.", "Les durées de phases ne prouvent pas un contrôle territorial uniforme.", "Les atlas et Seshat ne sont pas déclarés indépendants par simple différence de titre.", "Les populations et leurs identités ne disparaissent pas avec les titres politiques.", "L’objectif mondial et le contrôle segmentaire des frontières restent incomplets." ] }